How Closed Terrariums Work: Everything You Need To Know

Closed terrariums are miniature ecosystems enclosed in glass containers that have gained popularity recently. They are self-sustaining and require minimal care, making them an attractive option for those looking to bring some greenery into their homes or offices without the hassle of traditional gardening.

Closed terrariums work on the principles of the water cycle, photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration, and nutrient cycling, creating a balanced, automated environment that thrives with minimal intervention.

In this article, we will dive into the science behind how close terrariums work and their benefits and provide tips on how to build and maintain one.

Table of Contents

What Is A Closed Terrarium

A closed terrarium is a self-contained mini-ecosystem enclosed within a glass container, such as a jar or a bottle. It consists of plants, soil, and sometimes rocks or other decorative elements. The container is sealed, creating a humid and oxygen-rich environment that allows the plants to thrive without much maintenance.

The moisture inside the container goes through a natural process called the water cycle, where it evaporates, condenses, and falls back into the soil, providing a constant source of hydration for the plants.

Closed terrariums work on photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration, and nutrient cycling principles, creating a balanced and self-regulating environment requiring little intervention. They are a popular choice for indoor gardening due to their low maintenance requirements and unique aesthetic appeal. Even with the terrarium, you can make a mason jar terrarium to enhance the beauty of your indoor gardening.

The History And Popularity Of Closed Terrariums

Closed terrariums had existed since the mid-19th century when botanist Nathaniel Ward discovered that plants could thrive inside sealed glass containers. Ward had been experimenting with caterpillars when he noticed that a fern spore he had added to the jar began to grow.

He realized that the container had created a self-sustaining environment that allowed the fern to grow without any intervention. Ward developed the Wardian case, a larger version of the sealed glass container used to transport plants long distances without dying.

In the 1960s, closed terrariums became popular as an indoor gardening trend, especially in urban areas with limited space. They offered a way to bring some greenery indoors without the hassle of traditional gardening. In recent years, the popularity of closed terrariums has surged thanks to their unique aesthetic appeal and the growing interest in sustainable and eco-friendly living.

The Science Behind Closed Terrariums

Closed terrariums work on the principles of several scientific processes, including the water cycle, photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration, and nutrient cycling. Each process plays a vital role in creating a balanced and automated environment that allows the plants to thrive without much intervention.

The Water Cycle

The water cycle is a natural process where water evaporates from the soil and plants, condenses on the walls of the container, and falls back into the soil, providing a constant source of hydration for the plants. The sealed container traps the moisture inside, creating a humid environment that mimics the natural habitat of many tropical plants.

Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce glucose, which they use as food. In a closed terrarium, the plants receive light through the glass walls of the container, allowing them to carry out photosynthesis and grow.

Respiration

Respiration is the process by which plants use glucose to produce energy, releasing carbon dioxide and water as byproducts. In a closed terrarium, the plants use the carbon dioxide released during respiration during photosynthesis, creating a self-sustaining cycle.

Transpiration

Transpiration is the process by which plants release water vapor into the air through small pores on their leaves. In a closed terrarium, the water vapor released during transpiration is trapped inside the container, creating a humid environment that helps the plants thrive.

Nutrient Cycling

Nutrient cycling is the process by which nutrients in the soil are broken down and recycled by microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi. In a closed terrarium, the microorganisms in the soil break down organic matter, releasing nutrients that the plants absorb.

By harnessing these natural processes, closed terrariums create an automated environment requiring little intervention to thrive. They are a fascinating example of how science can be used to create sustainable and low-maintenance ecosystems.

How Closed Terrariums Work

Closed terrariums work by creating a self-sustaining ecosystem within a sealed glass container. The container, plants, soil, and microorganisms all play important roles in maintaining this environment.

Role Of The Container

The container in a closed terrarium is typically made of glass and has a tight-fitting lid to seal in moisture and gases. This creates a miniature greenhouse that allows the plants to thrive in a humid and oxygen-rich environment. The container also provides a barrier against pests and other external factors that could harm the plants.

Role Of The Plants

Plants are the primary components of a closed terrarium. They use photosynthesis to produce food and oxygen, essential for survival. The plants also release water vapor through transpiration, which creates a humid environment inside the container. The plants in a closed terrarium are typically low-maintenance and require very little water and nutrients due to the self-sustaining ecosystem created by the container, soil, and microorganisms.

Role Of The Soil

Soil is an important component of a closed terrarium as it provides nutrients for the plants and a medium for their roots to grow. The soil in a closed terrarium is typically a mixture of peat moss, sand, and perlite or vermiculite. These materials provide good drainage and aeration for the roots, essential for plant growth.

Role Of The Microorganisms

Microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi play an important role in closed terrariums by breaking down organic matter in the soil and recycling nutrients. This process, known as nutrient cycling, releases nutrients essential for plant growth. The microorganisms also help create a balanced ecosystem by breaking down plant waste products.

The Benefits Of Closed Terrariums

Closed terrariums offer many benefits, from low maintenance to aesthetic appeal and educational opportunities. In this part, we will learn the benefits of closed terrariums:

Low Maintenance: Closed terrariums are self-sustaining ecosystems that require very little maintenance. Because the container seals in moisture and gases, the plants inside do not need to be watered as often, and the environment remains stable without requiring frequent adjustments.
Easy to Care For: The plants typically used in closed terrariums are low-maintenance and do not require frequent fertilization or pruning. This makes them an ideal choice for people who may not have the time or expertise to care for more demanding plants.
Indoor Air Quality: Plants are natural air purifiers and improve indoor air quality. Closed terrariums provide a way to bring the benefits of plants into indoor spaces that may not have access to natural light or fresh air.
Aesthetic Appeal: Closed terrariums are beautiful and visually striking additions to any indoor space. They come in various shapes, sizes, and styles and are customized with different plants, soils, and decorative elements to create unique and personalized designs.
Educational Tool: Closed terrariums also teach children about the water cycle, photosynthesis, and other scientific concepts. They offer a hands-on way to learn about the natural world and inspire a love of nature and a desire to protect the environment.

How To Build And Maintaining A Closed Terrarium

Creating and maintaining a closed terrarium is enjoyable and rewarding, but having the right tools and knowledge is important to ensure its success.

Here are some helpful tips to guide you through the process:

Choose the Right Container: Closed terrariums should be made of glass or other transparent materials and have a tight-fitting lid to seal in moisture and gases. Choose a large container to accommodate your plants and any decorative elements you want to include.
Choose the Right Plants: Select well-suited plants for a closed terrarium environment. Some good options include ferns, mosses, and small succulents. Avoid plants that require high levels of light or moisture, as they are not doing well in a sealed container.
Use the Right Soil: Use a well-draining soil mix rich in organic matter, such as peat moss or coconut coir. You can also add a layer of activated charcoal to help absorb any excess moisture and prevent mold growth.

Add Decorative Elements: Closed terrariums are personalized with a variety of decorative elements, such as rocks, shells, or figurines. Choose items that won’t introduce harmful chemicals or substances into the ecosystem.
Monitor the Environment: Closed terrariums require very little maintenance, but monitoring the environment is important to remain stable. Check the soil moisture level and the condensation on the sides of the container regularly, and adjust as needed.
Prune and Fertilize as Necessary: Although closed terrariums require minimal maintenance, you may need to prune your plants occasionally to prevent overcrowding. Fertilize the soil with a diluted fertilizer solution every few months to provide additional nutrients for your plants.

Final Words

Closed terrariums are beautiful additions to any indoor space and offer a self-sustaining ecosystem that requires very little maintenance. With the right container, plants, soil, and decorative elements, you can create a unique and personalized closed terrarium that will thrive for years.

After reading this article, we hope you have learned how do closed terrariums work. Following the tips outlined in this article, you can build and maintain a healthy and vibrant closed terrarium that will provide a natural escape from the hustle and bustle of everyday life.